1. Taxonomical Estimation
Authentication of drug material
Taxonomic authentication is the method of perfectly
recognizing (identifying) the species, for instance, morphological characters,
microscopy, physiological and biochemical examinations, verifying
(authenticating), and removing (eliminating) adulteration from herbal, organic
or Ayurvedic medicines to make sure their safety, therapeutic potency, and
efficacy.
2. Organoleptic /Sensory
the organoleptic and sensory methods is a scientifically
evaluation of the sensory attributes of any herbal material e.g.; taste, sight,
touch, odour & hearing. It helps to improve and maintain the quality of
formulations.
3. Foreign Matter
It is defined as anything which is not the original drug
like if we are using root material of any herb but sample containing same
plant’s stems along with root drug sample it would be considered as foreign
matter or contaminating drug sample. e.g. Ashwgandha’s plant roots are
useful part for medicinal purpose. If sample containing leaves, stems, flower
and fruit of same plant along with roots than it would be considered as foreign
material for Ashwgandha root’s sample. Root means only root sample not other
things of the same plant. Some-time raw drug contain the inorganic material
with plant sample like sand, stone and some time it contain substitute of the
plant like gujnja plant bark use as a substitute of yathimadhu. some time
sample contain adulteration with other same resembled sample. like black pepper
adulterated with papaya dried seed. Same in case of mineral and animal origin
raw material.
4. Microscopic Evaluation
Microscopic examining is the method involving thin sections
of the raw drug under the microscope which help to identify the histological
aspects. It can be used to examine the purity of powdered drug, adulteration,
substituents and other species in crude drugs.
5. Physicochemical Parameters
Physicochemical parameters are the useful standardization
methods to evaluate the purity of the raw material like ash value indicate the
idea about the sample inorganic composition like earthy material sand metals
etc. extractive value water soluble and acid insoluble shows the low or high
rate of the contamination of the raw sample. Also, these values give the idea
after result our sample’s composition is water soluble more or alcohol soluble
more which gives the idea to formulation type and root of administration for
further. pH of the raw material indicates its acidic and base nature.
6. Pharmacognostical Parameters
Pharmacognostical parameters revealed about the both
macroscopy and microscopy. It is also screening the presence of various type of
phytochemical groups like glycosides, steroids, alkaloids and phenolic
compound. Which is very important to standardize the raw material as well as
final formulation.
7. Pharmacological Parameters
Pharmacological parameters are important to examine the
effects of drug in system. and likewise system reaction towards the drug. By
these parameters we can estimate the potency of the drug. It is help to improve
the new drug discovery in the field of ayurveda.
8. Toxicological parameters
This study is helpful and important to determine the safe
starting dose for clinical trials and parameters used to vigilance the side
effects of the drug. This study possesses the potential risks of drug candidate
such as adverse effects, dose response relationships and safe dosage ranges. It
is also helpful to promote the new drug discovery and pharmacovigilance.
|
No. |
Parameters for Evaluation |
||
|
1 |
Taxonomical Estimation |
Authentication of drug material |
|
|
2 |
Organoleptic /Sensory |
Colour Odour Appearance Powder particle size distribution Powder Flow Clarity |
|
|
3 |
Foreign Matter |
Of Foreign Plant Of own plant Of other plant Mineral |
|
|
4 |
Microscopic Evaluation |
Qualitative: Palisade ratio Vein islet Vein termination Stomatal index Stomatal number |
|
|
5 |
Physicochemical Parameters |
Qualitative: pH Disintegration time Friability Hardness Sedimentation rate Solubility Viscosity Ash Values
|
|
|
|
|
Extractive value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
Pharmacognostical Paramete |
Swelling Index Foaming Index Melting range Optical rotation Moisture content
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
7 |
Pharmacological Parameters (bio assay of estimate potency) |
Bitterness Astringent activity Antimicrobial Activity Hemolytic activity Antioxidant Activity Nitric oxide Scavenging Activity |
|
|
8 |
Toxicological parameters (Establishment of Safety) |
Limit test Pesticide content Heavy metal content Aflatoxin Radioactive contaminant Bioburden Fungal
|
|
